Torrent Tyrannulet

The torrent tyrannulet is 9.5 to 12 cm (3.7 to 4.7 in) long; eight individuals weighed an average of 8.3 g (0.29 oz). Adults of the nominate subspecies have a mostly black head with a partially hidden white patch in the center of the crown. Their back, rump, and uppertail coverts are gray. Their wings are mostly black with gray or grayish white edges on the coverts. Their tail is black and sometimes has indistinct grayish white tips on the feathers. Their chin and throat are grayish white. The center of their breast and their belly are white and their undertail coverts slightly grayish. Voice: The torrent tyrannulet's dawn song in Costa Rica is a slow series of chip notes separated by as much as 10 seconds. Pairs also vocalize "in unison a short refrain made up of a sharp chip, rapidly repeated". Its song in the Andes has been described as "a high, thin seek!